Fields in the Global Dynamic Exposure model (GDE)

Version 25.01

Unreleased Version

Version 25.01 of the GDE model has not yet been released. The fields described below are part of this upcoming release and may still change before it is published.

How the tables relate

• entities ↔ entity_assets ↔ assets
• entity_assets is the junction table: its entity_id matches entities.id, and its asset_id matches assets.id.
• assets.taxonomy_id and assets.tabula_taxonomy_id both reference the taxonomies table.
• entities.source_id references the sources table.

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entities table

Field	Description
id	ID of the entity, matches IDs in the entity_assets table, which relate entities and assets.
quadkey	Quadtree level 18 tile code of the tile an entity belongs to.
iso_3166	ISO code of the country or territory.
category	Type of entity, whether it is a tile (0), a building (1) or a building part (2). A building part consists of a section of a building that has its own geometric feature. This could include a stairwell, veranda, or porch.
source_id	Code that relates to the sources table in order to know where this given geometric feature comes from. Only applies to those of category 1 or 2.
building_id	ID of the building as per the source dataset. The ID of the building taken directly from the datasource. If the building is of source_id 0, it comes from OpenStreetMap. In that case, the building_id can be used to search for the building directly in the OSM dataset.
attributes	JSON type field including the source for different values attributed to an entity and some other descriptive values. See keys below.
taxonomy	JSON type field including building specific information taken from the source of the building geometry. See keys below.

Keys in the attributes JSON field

Key	Description
DAT_source	The source from which the date of construction for the entity was obtained.
HIM_source	The source from which the height in meters of the entity was obtained.
net_floor_area	The liveable area in a building based on the building footprint and height in floors. A building's area includes non-liveable areas such as wall space, hallways and stairwells. The net floor area is calculated with an assumption that the average building has a 70% liveable space.
gross_floor_area	The floor space in an entity based on the footprint area and the height in terms of floors.
height_3d_extrusion	The height value used to make a 3D geometry of a building. Can be compared to the HIM or height in meters.
height_3d_extrusion_source	Source of the height_3d_extrusion.

Keys in the taxonomy JSON field

Key	Description
OCC	Occupancy, the use of the building, primarily split between three main classes residential (RES), commercial (COM) and industrial (IND), but may have many other values, especially in the entities table, when more detail is available.
HEI	Height, the height of the building in the number of floors. This may be a set value such as H:1 for one floor, or a range of values such as HBET:1-5 for a building with between one to five floors. The range may also be open ended for buildings where only the lower bound is known.
DAT	Date of construction, the year in which the building was built. In the same manner as the height, it may either be a set year, a range, or an open ended range. However, this attribute may also see an open start such as YPRE:1920 for a building that is just known to have been built before 1920.
HIM	Height, the height of the building in meters. For some buildings, the height was only introduced in meters such as HHT:8.5
SMT	Settlement type, may be either one of two main classes URBAN or RURAL, with some subtypes.

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entity_assets table

Used to match features from the entities and the assets tables.

Field	Description
entity_id	ID of the entity any given feature in the table relates to.
asset_id	ID of the asset any given feature in the table relates to.
number	Probability of an asset belonging to an entity, can also be described as the fraction of buildings that are of any given asset type for an entity. When summed up per entity ID, they add up to 1.
relative_size	The size of a building relative to other buildings.

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assets table

Field	Description
id	ID of the asset, which relates to asset_ids in the entity_assets table for linkage to the entities table.
iso_3166	ISO code of the country or territory.
taxonomy_id	ID of the building type taxonomy that this asset belongs to. This matches an ID within the taxonomies table which holds the asset taxonomy that describes a building.
tabula_taxonomy_id	ID of the building type according to the TABULA dataset archetypes. Also relates to an ID in the taxonomies table which holds a TABULA or TABULA-type taxonomy. These lead to attributes describing a building's energy efficiency.
average_net_floor_area	The average area of living space in a building of this asset type. A building's area based on the footprint size includes non-liveable areas such as wall space, hallways and stairwells. The net floor area is calculated with an assumption that the average building has a 70% liveable space.

Keys in the attributes and baseline_attributes JSON fields

Costs

Key	Description
TRC	Total replacement cost, the total cost of a building or asset, including structural, non-structural and contents. Currency depends on the CUR (currency) field
CST	Structural cost, the cost of the structure of a building, anything it consists of, such as walls, foundation, etc.
CNO	Non-structural cost, cost of the building components that are not part of the main structure, such as windows, doors, floors.
CCE	Cost of contents, an estimated value of the contents in a building that are not part of the building, such as equipment, furniture.

Occupants

Key	Description
OPA	Occupants per asset, the population of a building
OPD	Occupants per asset day, the population of a building during the day time.
OPN	Occupants per asset night, the night population of a building, people who spend the night inside.
OPT	Occupants per asset transit, the population of a building during transit times of the day.
OAV	Occupants per asset average, the average population of a building (between the other population values in the asset).

Dwellings

Key	Description
DPB	Number of dwellings per building. Only applies to residential buildings, and helps distinguish between single family, multi family homes, and large apartment complexes.

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taxonomies table

Field	Description
id	ID which relates a given feature with the taxonomy_id or tabula_taxonomy_id in an asset.
category	Type of taxonomy, either an exposure style taxonomy, or a TABULA type taxonomy. While ID may be for either type, this helps separate the two classes.
taxonomy	JSON type attribute holding the descriptive taxonomical values for a feature. If it is a TABULA taxonomy, it is a single key and value pair with the value being the full TABULA building archetype. If it is a regular taxonomy, it is a set of key value pairs that make up a building type including all of those included in the entities table taxonomy attribute, plus the keys below.
attributes	JSON type field which is null if the category is 0 (regular taxonomy) and holds key value pairs relevant to the energy efficiency of the building, if the category is 1 (TABULA taxonomy). See keys below.

Additional keys in the taxonomy JSON field

Key	Description
MAT	Main construction material used for the building of this taxonomical type.
MTC	Material technology, the construction technique or unit type used with the main material (e.g. cast-in-place concrete, hollow clay bricks, rubble stone).
MPR	Material properties, properties of the main material; here the mortar type used in masonry.
MTA	Material technology (additional), further technology or reinforcement details such as the earth construction technique, the masonry reinforcement type, or the wood technology.
LLR	Lateral load resisting system, network of elements which represent the structural integrity and method of a building to resist external forces.
LSC	Lateral load resisting system, seismic code level (LLR specific to seismic forces).
LLC	Lateral load resisting system, lateral coefficient.
LSD	Lateral load resisting system, system ductility, the ductility level of the structural system.
HEB	Height, the number of stories below ground.
HFF	Height of the first floor level above grade, in meters.
OCD	Occupancy details, the number of dwelling units of a residential building.
OCP	Occupancy details, marks non-occupied buildings.
OCM	Occupancy details, the healthcare level of a medical building.
SHP	Shape, the shape of the building footprint.
SHT	Shape, marks terraced buildings.
IVD	Irregularity (vertical), structural irregularities of the building such as a soft story.
WAL	Wall, the material of the exterior walls.
WOP	Wall openings, the openings in the exterior walls.
ROF	Roof, the shape of the roof.
RCV	Roof covering, the covering material of the roof.
RST	Roof system type, the structural system and material of the roof.
RCN	Roof connections, the connection between roof and walls.
FLR	Floor, the material of the floor system.
FST	Floor system type, the structural system of the floor.
FCN	Floor connections, the connection between floor and walls.

Keys in the attributes JSON field (TABULA taxonomies)

If the taxonomy belongs to a residential building, which is the focus of the TABULA dataset, this attribute will hold the keys below. The <state> part of a key represents the state of the building, between:

State	Meaning
ar	Advanced refurbishment.
ur	Usual refurbishment.
cs	Current state.

In the energy_cost, c02_emissions and energy_heating keys, the state is not abbreviated: advanced_refurbishment, usual_refurbishment and current_state.

Key pattern	Description
<building component>_uvalue_<state>	U-values of building components (walls, windows, floors, roof) in the given state.
actual_<building component>_value1	The surface area of a building component in the current state of the building.
energy_cost_<state>	Cost to heat the building in the given state, in euros/m².
c02_emissions_<state>	CO2 emissions as consequence of heating the building in the given state, in kg/m².
energy_heating_<state>	Energy needed for heating the building in the given state, in kWh/m².

If the building is non residential, the only data available will be U-values of building components in the current state.

Example (excerpt):

{
  "wall1_uvalue_cs": 0.23,
  "wall1_uvalue_ur": 0.23,
  "wall1_uvalue_ar": 0.23,
  "window1_uvalue_cs": 1.7,
  "window1_uvalue_ur": 1.7,
  "window1_uvalue_ar": 1.5,
  "actual_wall_value1": 118.313713981811,
  "energy_cost_current_state": 8.7,
  "c02_emissions_usual_refurbishment": 20.5,
  "energy_heating_advanced_refurbishment": 41.2
}

---

Taxonomy value codes by tag

Every value that can appear in a taxonomy JSON field belongs to one of the tags above, including the keys shared with the entities table. The codes per tag are listed below.

1. Material — MAT

Code	Description
CR	Concrete, reinforced.
E	Earth, unknown reinforcement.
ER	Earth, reinforced.
EU	Earth, unreinforced.
HYB	Hybrid construction materials.
INF	Informal construction.
M	Masonry, unknown reinforcement.
MATO	Material, other.
MCF	Masonry, confined.
ME	Metal (except steel).
MR	Masonry, reinforced.
MUR	Masonry, unreinforced.
S	Steel.
SRC	Concrete composite with steel section (steel-reinforced concrete).
W	Wood.

1.1. Material — Technology — MTC

Code	Description
ADO	Adobe blocks (unfired clay masonry units).
CB	Concrete blocks, unknown type.
CBH	Concrete blocks, hollow.
CBS	Concrete blocks, solid.
CIP	Cast-in-place concrete.
CL	Fired clay masonry units, unknown type.
CLBLH	Fired clay hollow blocks or tiles.
CLBRH	Fired clay hollow bricks.
CLBRS	Fired clay solid bricks.
MEIR	Iron.
MEO	Metal, other.
MO	Masonry unit, other.
PC	Precast concrete.
PCPS	Precast prestressed concrete.
SL	Cold-formed steel members (light gauge steel).
SO	Steel, other.
SR	Hot-rolled steel members.
ST	Stone, unknown technology.
STDRE	Dressed stone masonry.
STRUB	Rubble (field stone) or semi-dressed stone masonry.

1.1.1. Material — Material properties — MPR

Code	Description
MOC	Cement mortar.
MOL	Lime mortar.
MOM	Mud mortar.
MON	No mortar.

1.2. Material — Technology (additional) — MTA

Code	Description
ETO	Earth technology, other.
ETR	Rammed earth.
RB	Bamboo-, cane- or rope-reinforced masonry.
RCB	Masonry reinforced with concrete bands (ring beams).
RS	Steel-reinforced masonry.
RW	Wood-reinforced masonry.
WBB	Bamboo.
WHE	Heavy wood (post-and-beam construction).
WLI	Light wood members.
WO	Wood, other.
WS	Solid wood (e.g. log construction).
WWD	Wattle and daub.

2. Lateral load-resisting system — LLR

Code	Description
LDUAL	Dual frame-wall system.
LFBR	Braced frame.
LFINF	Infilled frame.
LFLS	Flat slab/plate or waffle slab.
LFM	Moment frame.
LN	No lateral load-resisting system.
LO	Other lateral load-resisting system.
LPB	Post and beam.
LWAL	Wall (structural wall system).

2.1. Lateral load-resisting system — Seismic code level — LSC

Code	Description
CDH	High seismic code level.
CDL	Low seismic code level.
CDM	Moderate seismic code level.
CDN	No seismic code (pre-code design).

2.1.1. Lateral load-resisting system — Lateral load coefficient — LLC

Code	Description
LFC	Lateral force coefficient, the design base shear as a fraction of the building weight (e.g. LFC:0.1).

2.2. Lateral load-resisting system — System ductility — LSD

Code	Description
DNO	Non-ductile.
DUH	High ductility.
DUL	Low ductility.
DUM	Medium ductility.

3. Height — HEI

Code	Description
H	Exact number of floors above ground (e.g. H:1).
HBET	Range of floors above ground, possibly open ended (e.g. HBET:1-5).

3.1. Height — Height in meters — HIM

Code	Description
HHT	Height of the building in meters (e.g. HHT:8.5).

3.2. Height — Number of stories below ground — HEB

Code	Description
HB	Number of stories below ground.
HBEX	Exact number of stories below ground.
HBBET	Range of stories below ground.

3.3. Height — Height of first floor level above grade (m) — HFF

Code	Description
HFAPP	Approximate height of the first floor level above grade, in meters.

4. Date — DAT

Code	Description
Y	Exact year of construction.
YBET	Range of years of construction.
YPRE	Built before the given year (e.g. YPRE:1920).
YAPP	Approximate year of construction.

5. Occupancy — OCC

Code	Description
AGR	Agriculture.
AGR1	Produce storage.
AGR2	Livestock building.
AGR3	Agricultural processing.
ASS	Assembly.
ASS1	Religious gathering.
ASS5	Clubs and societies.
ASS6	Funerary services.
ASS9	Community hall.
COM	Commercial and public.
COM1	Retail trade.
COM2	Wholesale trade and storage (warehouse).
COM3	Offices, professional/technical services.
COM5	Catering/dining.
COM6	Public building.
COM11	Recreation and leisure.
COM11A	Arena/stadium.
COM11B	Cinema or concert hall.
COM11C	Sports club and center.
COM12	Hotels.
COM12A	Hotels in general (not motels).
COM12B	Motels.
COM13	Banks.
COM14	Film production.
COM15	Night-life entertainment.
COM16	Post office.
COM17	Event center for commercial use.
COM17A	Exhibition or trade fair.
COM17B	Conference center.
EDU	Education.
EDU1	Pre-school facility.
EDU2	School.
EDU3	College/university.
EDU3A	Offices and/or classrooms at colleges/universities.
EDU3B	Research facilities and/or labs at colleges/universities.
EDU5	Research institutes.
EDU6	Other schools.
GOV	Government.
GOV1	Government, general services.
GOV1A	Town hall.
GOV1B	Diplomatic mission.
GOV1C	Legislative.
GOV1D	Judicial.
GOV1E	Tax and customs.
GOV2	Government, emergency response.
GOV2A	Police.
GOV2B	Fire.
GOV2C	Emergency management.
GOV3	Prison.
IND	Industrial.
IND1	Heavy industrial.
IND1A	Oil and gas.
IND1B	Shipyard.
IND2	Light industrial.
IND3	Food/Drugs/Chemicals.
IND4	Metals/minerals processing.
IND5	High-technology labs/factories.
IND6	Construction.
IND7	Workshop.
IND8	Industrial storage.
IND9	Industrial crane.
LIF	Lifeline.
LIF1	Water.
LIF2	Electricity.
LIF2A	Power generation.
LIF2A1	Fossil fuels.
LIF2A2	Hydroelectric.
LIF2A3	Nuclear.
LIF2A4	Geothermal.
LIF2A5	Biogas.
LIF2A6	Wind.
LIF2A7	Solar.
LIF2B	Power distribution.
LIF2B1	Transformer.
LIF2B2	Electricity transmission towers.
LIF3	Telecommunications.
LIF3A	Telephone antennas.
LIF3B	Broadcasting (radio/TV).
LIF3B1	Broadcasting (radio/TV) studios.
LIF3B2	Broadcasting (radio/TV) transmission towers.
LIF4	Sewage treatment.
LIF5	Waste disposal.
LIF6	Gas processing and treatment.
LIF7	Petrol station.
MIX	Mixed usage.
MED	Healthcare and medical.
MED1	Hospital.
MED2	Clinic.
MED3	Medical practices.
MED4	Pharmacy.
MED5	Medical-related facilities.
MED5A	Sanatorium/rehabilitation.
MED5B	Psychiatric hospital.
MED5C	Nursing and retirement homes.
MED6	Medical support.
MED7	Veterinary.
MIL	Military.
MIL1	Barracks.
MIL2	Administration of the military.
MIL3	Military airfields.
MIL4	Military maritime traffic.
NOR	Non-residential.
OCO	Other occupancy type.
OCO1	Shed/shelter.
OCO2	Garage.
OCO2A	Parking garages in private residencies.
OCO2B	Parking garages in public building.
OCO3	Public toilets.
RES	Residential.
RES1	Residential, regular housing, single- and multi-unit homes.
RES3	Temporary lodging.
RES4	Institutional housing.
RES4A	College dormitories.
RES5	Mobile home.
RES6	Informal housing.
TRA	Transportation.
TRA1	Maritime traffic.
TRA2	Bus station.
TRA3	Tramway/light rail station.
TRA4	Urban Rail and automated transit station.
TRA5	Regional/inter-city/high-speed rail station.
TRA6	Airport.
TRA6A	Passenger terminal.
TRA6B	Hangar.
TRA6C	Control tower.
TRA6D	Airport service and support building.
TRA7	Ropeway.
TRA8	Road traffic infrastructure and service.
TRA8A	Freeway maintenance buildings.
TRA8B	Toll booth.
TRA8C	Vehicle services.
TRA8D	Border controls.
TRA9	Transportation depot (any type).
TRA9A	Bus depot.
TRA9B	Tramway/light rail depot.
TRA9C	Urban rail and automated transit depot.
TRA9D	Regional/inter-city/high-speed rail depot.

5.1. Occupancy details — Dwelling units of the residential building — OCD

Code	Description
DWE	Dwelling units above ground (exact number).
DWEBET	Dwelling units above ground (range).

5.2. Occupancy details — Non-occupied — OCP

Code	Description
NOC	Non-occupied building.

5.3. Occupancy details — Healthcare level of the medical building — OCM

Code	Description
MEDPRI	Primary healthcare services: basic diagnosis and treatment, routine outpatient services.
MEDSEC	Secondary healthcare services: specialist care, moderate complexity procedures, hospital-level inpatient or outpatient services.
MEDTER	Tertiary healthcare services: highly specialized care, advanced diagnostics, complex surgeries, ICU, or highly specialized hospital services.

6. Shape — SHP

Code	Description
BP	Building part.
BPD	Building part, detached.

6.1. Shape — Terraced buildings — SHT

Code	Description
TERRACED	Building is part of a row of terraced buildings.

7. Irregularity — IVD

Code	Description
SOS	Soft story (vertical structural irregularity).

8. Wall — WAL

Code	Description
EWE	Exterior walls, earth.
EWMA	Exterior walls, masonry.
EWME	Exterior walls, metal.
EWO	Exterior walls, other material.
EWPL	Exterior walls, plastic/vinyl.
EWV	Exterior walls, vegetative.
EWW	Exterior walls, wood.

8.1. Wall — Openings — WOP

Code	Description
WOL	Large openings in the exterior walls.

9. Roof — ROF

Code	Description
RSH1	Flat (any type).
RSH1A	Flat.
RSH1B	Flat with one terrace.
RSH1C	Flat with two terraces.
RSH1D	Flat with two separate terraces.
RSH1E	Flat with three terraces.
RSH1F	Flat with four terraces.
RSH2	Gabled (any type).
RSH2A	Gabled.
RSH2B	Gabled with height moved.
RSH2C	Side hipped.
RSH2D	Half-hipped.
RSH2E	Side half-hipped.
RSH2F	Hipped.
RSH2G	Pyramidal.
RSH2H	Dutch gable.
RSH5	Skillion (any type).
RSH5A	Skillion or monopitch.
RSH5B	Skillion diagonal.
RSH5C	Double skillion.
RSH5D	Triple skillion.
RSH5E	Butterfly.
RSH5F	Diagonal pass.
RSH6	Repeating shapes (any).
RSH6A	Sawtooth.
RSH6B	Trapeze.
RSH6C	Gabled row.
RSH6D	Round row.
RSH6E	Wave.
RSH7	Round (any type).
RSH7A	Round.
RSH7B	Half round.
RSH7C	Dome.
RSH7D	Cone.
RSH7E	Onion.
RSH7F	Arched roof.
RSH7G	Hipped arched roof.
RSH7H	Side-hipped arched roof.
RSH7I	Cloister vault.
RSH7J	Bow roof.
RSH8	Complex regular (any).
RSH8A	Clerestory roof or three-aisled roof.
RSH8B	Five-aisled roof.
RSH8C	Crosspitched roof.
RSH9	Complex irregular.
RSH10	Gambrel (any type).
RSH10A	Gambrel.
RSH10B	Mansard.
RSH10C	One-sided mansard.
RSH10D	Helm.
RSH11	Saltbox (any type).
RSH11A	Saltbox.
RSH11B	Double saltbox.
RSH11C	Corner saltbox.
RSH11D	Triple saltbox.
RSH11E	Quadruple saltbox.
RSHO	Other.

9.1. Roof — Covering — RCV

Code	Description
RMT1	Concrete roof without additional covering.
RMT2	Clay or concrete tiles.
RMT6	Stone slab.
RMT8	Vegetative roof covering.

9.2. Roof — System type — RST

Code	Description
RC	Concrete roof, unknown system.
RC3	Precast concrete roof with reinforced concrete topping.
RE	Earthen roof.
RM	Masonry roof, unknown system.
RM1	Vaulted masonry roof.
RME	Metal roof, unknown system.
RME1	Metal beams or trusses supporting light roof covering.
RWO	Wooden roof, unknown system.
RWO1	Wooden structure with light roof covering.
RWO3	Wood-based sheets on rafters or purlins.
RWO5	Bamboo, straw or thatch roof.

9.3. Roof — Connections — RCN

Code	Description
RWCP	Roof-wall diaphragm connection present.

10. Floor — FLR

Code	Description
FC	Concrete floor.
FM	Masonry floor.
FME	Metal floor.
FW	Wooden floor.

10.1. Floor — System type — FST

Code	Description
FC3	Precast concrete floor with reinforced concrete topping.
FME1	Metal beams, trusses or joists supporting light flooring.

10.2. Floor — Connections — FCN

Code	Description
FWCN	Floor-wall diaphragm connection not present.
FWCP	Floor-wall diaphragm connection present.

11. Settlement type — SMT

Code	Description
RURAL	Generic rural.
RURAL1	Rural cluster (GHSL code: 13).
RURAL2	Low-density rural (GHSL code: 12).
RURAL3	Very low-density rural (GHSL code: 11).
URBAN	Generic urban.
URBAN1	Urban center (GHSL code: 30).
URBAN2	Dense urban cluster (GHSL code: 23).
URBAN3	Semi-dense urban cluster (GHSL code: 22).
URBAN4	Suburban or peri-urban (GHSL code: 21).